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• • • • • • Some show the fear of death and regret of leaving loved ones behind to fight on foreign soil, others hint at the hatred for both the enemy and the government that put them in harm's way. Others still show a remarkable sense of humour. A unique collection of 282 Zippo lighters from the Vietnam War era were recently put up as a single lot at in Cincinnati, Ohio. The lot was the culmination of years of painstaking research by American artist Bradford Edwards, who picked up many of the distinctive lighters on site in the former war zone during the Nineties.

While Zippos had been a valuable companion to U.S. Servicemen since World War II, it became popular in the notorious and long-running Vietnam conflict to have the lighters engraved with personal messages - sometimes for loved ones they left behind, and sometimes for the individual who might find their body. They were engraved in villages and cities where troops were stationed or on 'rest-and-recreation'. Servicemen could chose a popular phrase or have their own individual message marked on their lighter. A popular message was the derivative of The Bible's Psalm 23, with one lighter reading: ' Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil for I am the evilest son of a b**** in the jungle.' The metal, flip-top Zippo lighter was first manufactured by Zippo Manufacturing Company of Bradford, Pennsylvania, in 1933.

Originally made of brass, the lighters were made from stainless steel during World War II, as brass became a rare commodity. Zippos are able to stay lit in harsh weather, earning a 'windproof' reputation because of its design and rate of fuel delivery. As such, they became immediately popular within the armed forces. While Zippo has never had an official contract with the U.S. Military, the company's website states that Zippo almost exclusively produced lighters for frontline demand between 1941 and 1945. In Vietnam, raids to burn crops or strategic villages were named 'Zippo missions'. The Zippo has retained its flip-top metal case and fuel-flint-and-wick system over its 80-year history.

The instantly recognisable 'clink' sound of an opening Zippo has featured in countless Hollywood films. The record price paid for an individual lighter was during the 2007 75th anniversary celebrations, when the company sold a near mint 1933 model for $37,000. Another regular sentiment was: ' We the unwilling led by the unqualified to kill the unfortunate die for the ungrateful.' Over the years the lighters have become valuable collectibles, with individual examples selling on eBay for £200 or more.

Edwards's collection had a starting price of between $30,000 to $50,000 and was passed in at auction. Edwards, who used many of the lighters to illustrate the 2010 book Vietnam Zippos: American Soldiers’ Engravings and Stories 1965-1973 (with Sherry Buchanan, University of Chicago Press), said the objects were a fascinating insight into the minds an experiences of American servicemen. Perhaps they are not as informative as war letters or diaries but they nonetheless are a permanent record of a particular place and time. The majority of the servicemen in Vietnam had been drafted into service. Many would have harboured feelings of betrayal and hopelessness, and a deep longing for the lives and loves they had been forced to leave behind. One lighter, chosen for the cover of Vietnam Zippos and adorned with a peace symbol, poignantly asks: 'Why me?'

Another, showing the defiance of a combat veteran and the seeming inevitability of his fate, reads: '35 kills if you are recovering my body f*** you.' Constant companion: The Zippo was adopted by the U.S. Military in World War II, but became a must-have item in Vietnam When taken chronologically, the lighters' messages highlight a shifting mood among the combatants for the war they are fighting.

Pre-draft Zippos merely reflect the macho mottoes of war units, such as the famous 'Death From Above' (taken from the Latin 'Mors ab alto' motto of the USAF 7th Bombardment Wing - but expanded to refer to any airborne unit). In these examples, the lighters were undoubtedly owned by career soldiers, who signed up for do their duty for their country and are proud of their service. As the war goes on, and public opinion begins to turn against America's involvement in the war, soldiers seem to become disillusioned with their mission - writing such comments as 'One has never lived until he has almost died. Life has a flavour the protected will never know', or 'When I die bury me face down so the world can kiss my ass'. No matter what the situation, it is clear that many teenage servicemen still had one thing on their minds, as one lighter crudely reads: 'Girl if you want to f*** then smile when you give this lighter back.' Each lighter tells a story: The collection of lighters up for auction was used to illustrate Vietnam Zippos, by Sherry Buchanan and Bradford Edwards The most powerful are the personal messages sent to loved ones back home, written perhaps as a final note if the owner paid the ultimate price in battle. One simply reads 'To mom from a lonely paratrooper Tony', while another reads: 'Who ever may rend (sic) this may see that there is no other but one girl for me and her lovely name is Beverley Dennington I love her very very much.'

All photographs of lighters in this article come courtesy of Cowan's Auctions.

This article relies too much on to. Please improve this by adding. (November 2014) () Rapper's Best Friend 3 by Released September 30, 2014 ( 2014-09-30) Length 46: 58 chronology (2014) 2014 Rapper's Best Friend 3 (2014) Rapper's Best Friend 3 is the third installment in musician and producer instrumental series 'Rapper's Best Friend', and Alchemist's 10th instrumental release. The other two albums in the series, Rapper's Best Friend and Rapper's Best Friend 2, were released in 2007 and 2012, respectively.

The album contains selected beats produced by the Alchemist that were used as instrumentals for rap songs of artists like,, Durag Dynasty, Schoolboy Q and more in the past few years. All songs were produced. Background [ ] In July 17, 2014, The Alchemist teased via Twitter that 'Rapper's Best Friend Part Three is coming'. No more details were reviled yet. Later, in September 16, Alchemist posted a video on his YouTube Channel, and posted it on his Twitter. It was a psychedelic visual promo for RBF3, directed by the acclaimed music video director, with one of the tracks that will be on the album, 'Shut The F*ck Up' (which was the beat for the song 'STFU Pt. 2' by rapper ).

In the end of the video there was a release date announcement for the instrumental album (September 30, 2014), and the reveal of the cover artwork and the official track list. The cover artwork was created by Dom 'Dom Dirtee' Rinaldi. Since the release of the video, though, the album was already available for Pre-Order on the. Biografi Ulama Salaf Pdf To Doc. The album was released on the stated date, with promotion from Alchemist on Twitter with tweets like: 'Today is the day that you're gonna pay 10$ because you like my beats [link to the album's iTunes page]' Track listing [ ] No. Title Original Artist Length 1. 'The Red Carpet';; Rass Kass 4:48 2. 'Shut The Fuck Up' 2:55 3.

'Tender Greens' 2:43 4. 'Get It Forever'; 4:01 5. 'Break The Bank' 6:04 6. 'Black Cocaine' Mobb Deep 4:07 7.

'The Myth' 5:54 8. 'Trap Door' 2:25 9. 'I.M.D.K.V' 2:40 10. 'Give Em Hell' Prodigy 2:58 11.

'All On Me' 2:09 12. 'How Does It Feel' ChrisCo 2:45 13. '1010 Wins';; Meyhem Lauren;; 3:29 Total length: 46:58 References [ ].